>How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?  

I will patiently explain them the process of how do you decide what is the use of a new born baby.Meaning no one knows when a baby is born what is he going to become in future. Questions by users are similar.The question may sound meaningless to some one but on the other hand it could be meaning full to some one else.If I know the answer I will write an answer to original question.Otherwise I will politely explain the person not to disrespect the people who ask question as making this site valuable for every one is our duty as moderators.

>How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc a question that you feel shouldn't have been?

I will up vote for  re opening the question and write my suggestions in comments.

>In your opinion, what do moderators do?

Moderators keep the forum spam free also at the same time if there is some duplicate question or possibly a duplicate one then they explain user how it is duplicate and if the user thinks it is not duplicate then opening the question which could have been down voted to be closed is also duty of moderator.

>A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?

I feel excited to have that attached to my profile.

>In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching 10k or 20k rep?

Actually I like to learn new things. When we deal with a lot of user queries which are more of support request then in that process. Many a times we encounter some very knowledgeable posts or questions. So those things some times give valuable insight to how system is functioning from inside.Hence it is actually exciting to be a moderator.To have the reputation of 10K or 20K I need to have that much level of knowledge and by moderating problems I will come across the posts and read them this will give more insight to user problems.

>This question would be mostly valid for people who are very active in the review queues. Before the diamond, reviews would require several people's votes before the system decides on the outcome. With the diamond, your vote will be the definitive one. Would that spook you into skipping reviews? In summary, how would the diamond affect your activities in the review queue?

I will show the diamond to my friends so they also get excited and I can brag a little bit about myself by more number of diamonds.So more diamonds means more I can brag.

>What activity most occupies the time you spend in AskUbuntu? I mean, what would you say you most do here.

I usually when get in some problem which I am not able to solve myself then only I come here. Mostly asking question.But if I am aware of a solution then I do post it as an example read my answer to my question I had posted the question
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1185370/ubuntu-stuck-on-boot-in-after-upgrade-to-19-10-from-19-04-in-vmware-end-kernel 
asking help but I kept on struggling and found some steps then when I solved the problem I did post the answer which might have helped people in similar situation. I do have less post count but if I have some knowledge which I can share, then  I do share. 

>How much time will you have to moderate Ask Ubuntu every day? What is your timezone?  

I can contribute 6 hours to moderate.I am in UTC +5:30 Time Zone. Asia/Kolkata.