You can get all info you see in the 'Settings → About' Dialogbox in terminal. For example if you want to know your Ubuntu version you can use the following command:

    lsb_release -a

For identifying your wireless network cards:

    lspci -nn | grep Network

For identifying your ethernet cards:

    lspci -nn | grep Ethernet

For identifying your drives:

    blkid
    lsblk
    df -h
    fdisk -l

For showing file/directory information:

    stat <filename/directory>
    file <filename/directory>

For identifying which services are currently running:

    service --status-all
    systemctl --state running --type service
  
For seeing what happens when you connect a USB device (you have 30 seconds after typing this command to connect your device):  
  
    timeout  --signal=KILL 30s journalctl --follow

And this is just to name a few, there are more but that depends on what info you want to give. All text can be copied from terminal by <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> and pasted on AskUbuntu with simple <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>V</kbd>.