Edits you've suggested appear in the Activity tab on your profile page, and you can filter to produce just a list of suggested edits like so. Unfortunately, I don't know of a good way to find the ones that are rejected short of clicking through each one... Here's one of the two: https://askubuntu.com/suggested-edits/6169
As for learning from experience: you're probably best off just periodically going back to the list and checking for rejections.
